1 - A difference in the manufacturing process
If in both cases, the tea leaves will be harvested at the same time, and left to dry, it is then that the method differs. Black tea will remain in the open air longer, in order to undergo natural oxidation. As is the case with other harvested plants, exposure to oxygen will cause the tissues to darken. Conversely, green tea is a tea whose oxidation is stopped after picking. To do this, the leaves are exposed to heat - dry heat in China (fire), humid heat in Japan (steam), in order to be “seized”. Objective: to keep their properties intact, by blocking the enzymes responsible for fermentation. It is this difference in the tea-making process which will have several consequences, which we detail below.
2 - A difference in the color of the infusion
In summary, it is the level of oxidation which determines the “color” of the tea: white tea only undergoes very slight natural oxidation, green tea a little more, while black tea undergoes complete oxidation. And this affects the tea leaves and the color of the infusion. Green tea will give a pale yellow to orange infusion, while black tea will give a darker colored tea, ranging from amber, red and even dark brown tones.
3 - A difference in taste between green tea and black tea
While there are very large varieties of black teas and green teas with very unique flavors, black tea is generally less bitter than green tea due to its fermentation. But it does, however, have a more intense taste, richer in aromas, and more malty than green tea. The taste of green tea, fresher, more vegetal, can sometimes remind him of earth or mown grass.
4 - A difference in stimulating effect
Due to its manufacturing process, black tea is more concentrated in theine (or caffeine, because it is the same molecule) than green tea. If you are looking for a convincing effect on your energy level, without achieving the exciting effect of coffee, black tea can give a little boost. This is why it is particularly appreciated in the morning for breakfast. This is less true for green tea, which contains half as much theine as black tea. Less intense, it is therefore recommended for people sensitive to theine, especially at the end of the day, if you want to be sure of falling asleep easily... But the boost effect is not the only health benefit of tea, we'll tell you more about it just below!
5 - A difference in health benefits
Manufacturing differences impact the molecular structure of the tea. Therefore, green tea and black tea do not have the same benefits for health and the body.
Green tea, whose oxidation has been stopped quickly, is one of the teas (along with white tea) containing the most antioxidants. Its high content of polyphenols (also called catechins) helps to strengthen the immune system, fight against premature aging of cells and water retention while encouraging the elimination of toxins. Indeed, these antioxidants are at the origin of the draining and diuretic power of green tea. In addition, the presence of L-theanine would play a role in reducing stress, providing a relaxing effect.
Black tea has other health benefits. Its high content of theaflavins helps fight diabetes (it regulates blood sugar), cholesterol, headaches and anxiety. Also rich in L-theanine, it acts on anxiety just like green tea.
6 - A difference in conservation
Note that black tea can be kept, intact, for several years, while green tea will lose its freshness after 12 to 18 months (it obviously remains consumable, but less tasty). We then understand better why black tea has long been the most consumed tea in Europe, while the tea leaves travel from India, Japan or China...
At Kusmi, most of our green teas and black are organic, therefore from sustainable and responsible agriculture. We cannot advise you enough to systematically opt for labeled teas and infusions guaranteed to be pesticide-free and whose plants are raised with respect for the environment. Indeed, this designation implies the implementation of numerous quality controls during the cultivation and manufacturing of tea. This way, you ensure that you are drinking good quality tea and getting the most out of its benefits.
And above all, don't forget that green tea and black tea are not the only two varieties of tea! Rooibos, matcha, mate, white tea, oolong tea, there is something for everyone. It's up to you to find your happiness!